Frederick Douglass and Richard Wright Essay

There are many similarities and differences between the two intellectual authors, some of these are deep within, some stand out. The main focus is not only to understand the differences and similarities of the two, but also the qualities and characteristics of these writers consist of. Each author displays qualities that illustrate their identity. It is important that we, as readers, understand the authors’ inspiring and intellectual words that portray who they are on the outside and the inside. I believe the authors show similarity and difference to each other in many ways. Family, desire to learn, and the way they portray people, are some of these ways. Both Douglass and Wright have the uncontrollable urge to learn; with their experiences, it made it difficult for them to succeed. There are many examples of this struggle. One example would be when Mrs. Auld had to stop teaching little Frederick how to read and write. As he reflects, â€Å"The most interesting feature of my life here was learning to read and write, under somewhat marked disadvantages† (Douglass 458). This shows how Frederick really loved reading; he had a huge passion for it. When Mrs. Auld had to refrain from teaching Frederick, it put matters into his own hands. He struggles everyday just to get reading and writing lessons. He eventually has to pay a â€Å"tuition fee† to the young white children in his neighborhood for a lesson. This event made times tough for Frederick. Giving up belongings is the only thing he could do to cure his urge. It is sad because the reason Mrs. Auld had to refrain from teaching Richard was because of her husband. He didn’t approve of slaves to learn. Slavery in general plays an important role in Frederick’s life; one reason is because it was against the law for slaves to read. This made it real hard for Frederick to learn how to read and write, he would be forced to receive his education secretively. If Frederick’s learning were to ever be discovered by the public, punishment would take place and maybe result in death. Although reading wasn’t against the law for Richard, he still had to give away money and steal food to succeed like Frederick. They both had that powerful urge and they would do whatever it took to fulfill their passions. Both Frederick and Richard had to live on their own moral principles for them to succeed in life because they basically just had themselves to engage in reading and writing; they were forced to learn everything on their own. Douglass and Wright’s family had a huge impact on them because they held them back from learning, tearing apart their sense of identity. â€Å"Mrs. Auld was an apt woman, and the advice of her husband and her own experiences soon demonstrated to her entire satisfactory that education and slavery are incompatible with each other† (Douglass 461). This made it hard for Frederick because he had no one to go to for learning. It is important to remember that for Frederick learning was not just a privilege, it was a passion. A passion is a powerful emotion, such as love, joy, hatred or anger. Taking away reading and writing from Frederick and Richard is like taking away food from starving children. Frederick’s family has an enormous impact on him because they steal this passion away from Frederick. Although Mrs. Auld stopped teaching Frederick, he still stated that she was caring, kind, and warm-hearted person. It took courage for her to teach him, but it also took courage for Frederick to still strive for his goals even if it was against the law. Unlike Frederick, Richard didn’t have a person like Mrs. Auld to teach him to read and write; all he has is himself. On a positive note, Richard did eventually get to attend school, which didn’t come till later on in Frederick’s behalf. Richard’s grandm other hindered his ability to learn because she thought that reading novels was a sin and that the only reading he should have been doing was in the bible. As crazy as this may be, it was true that Richard’s grandmother thought this way. Like Frederick, Richard’s motivation to fulfill his passion was being chopped into pieces, like your favorite piece of cake on a Sunday morning at church. Richard’s life in the city up north made it very difficult for him to afford anything. Without a family, Richard had to jump from job to job and steal from local places, such as the movie theatre, just to make a few bucks. It is hard to believe that somebody who stole food, was dirt poor, and could barely receive a healthy education would ever become such a great writer. Langston Hughes once said â€Å"Hold fast to your dreams† I believe Frederick and Richard both held fast to their dreams. These examples help to reflect on how both Frederick and Richard’s family held them both back from reading, tearing apart who they are at the same time. Forcing them to be someone they are not. The portrayal of people and events in both books is colored by the author’s feelings. â€Å"My life as a Negro in America had led me to feel that the problem of human unity was more important than bread, more important than physical living itself; for I felt that without a common bond uniting men†¦ there could be no living worthy of being called human† (Wright 260). These deep, vast, and profound words show how Richard Wright felt about racism and the people involved in it. He often wondered why people are who they are. This led him into states of confusion and mixed feelings about white people, and even black people. An example would be when Douglass states the differences of Mrs. Auld and him, he being a slave, her being a slave owner, really displayed how he felt about the incompatibility with education and slavery. As he reflects, â€Å"My feelings were not the result of any marked cruelty in the treatment I received; they sprung from the consideration of my b eing a slave at all. It was slavery-not the mere incidents-that I hated† (Douglass 463).He obviously wasn’t fond of the belief; it showed how he colored her with his feelings and thoughts. Frederick also felt that Mrs. Auld was wonderful, but controlled by society. Society said that slaves couldn’t get an education; sadly, Mrs. Auld had to accept and tolerate the misunderstood beliefs society had. Another example of Richard’s portrayal of people which is colored by his feelings is when Richard portrays the characters Olin and Pease not just as evil people, but as characters in a drama. This exhibits Richard’s deep feelings and thoughts of racist people. Both Richard and Frederick had an atypical outlook on the world; they colored people and events differently than most others would color. I believe the authors show similarity and differences in one another in many ways. As I stated before three of these ways are: Family, desire for learning, and the way they portray people. Each author contains certain qualities which only few people have. Their views, feelings, and thoughts are comparable and contrastable, not one or the other. Overall these writers are wonderful and inspiring, they learned by experience and â€Å"[held] fast to [their] dreams.†

Red Ocean And Blue Ocean Strategy Essay

In the world of business there are many ways to work, and they are very different, in this case im going to talk about the blue ocean strategy, and the basic for this strategy is that companies need no challenges themselves, not with other companies, on the other hand we said that a Company has a red ocean strategy when they compete with other companies, and thats why these 2 are different, not only in the color, also in the concept. BLUE OCEAN STRATEGY This concept comes from a book with the same name â€Å"Blue Ocean Strategy† (Harvard Business Review Press 20050), by W. Chan Kim and Renee Mauborgne. The primary concept si avoid the bloody path of business, and thats how we know the red oceans, instead of looking how to compite with the others, create new ways to work and free of competitors. The main idea of this is to create a model of business with low cost and that low cost be the differentiation, when a Company do that, get it the blue ocean. To get together the differentiation and the low cost there are 4 key questions that apport some basic stuff that is neccesary to get in the blue ocean. †¢Raise: What factors should be raised well above the industry’s standard? †¢Eliminate: Which factors that the industry has long competed on should be eliminated? †¢Reduce: Which factors should be reduced well below the industry’s standard? †¢Create: Which factors should be created that the industr y has never offered? For some companies its complicated answer this questions, but in fact, this are some elements that companies in the red ocean, see in the opposite way. In the blue ocean your Company is the principal element, defined as the title indicates, you have all the water for yourselve. They need to change the concept of competition, and focus on the competition inside the Company, that means that they need to check every idea that comes from the Company. An example of blue ocean strategy is cirque du solei, they take the concept of circus and changed it, instead of animal the main part of the circus is the estravagant dance and other things like opera and ballet, also the  customers are different, mostly of them are adults, unnatural for a normal circus. Another example comes from Nintendo and their revolutionary product, wii, that comes i 2006 and with that, Nintendo offers an original and fun way to play, besides their principal competitors sony and Microsoft, they focused in create an u nique product, and also, without a powerful cpu Nintendo reduce the production cost and give a exciting way to play. RED OCEANS STRATEGY This is the normal market place, the place where companies confront other companies and swim in the bloody sea. Companies try to outperform their rivals to grab a greater share of existing demand, usually through marginal changes in offering level and Price. These companies are normal for the people and society, and in fact the majority of companies in some form practices the red ocean strategy. This companies are in constant fight with others, and they are always watching the prices of the competitors, and offer a better Price, its a simple concept that doesnt have science they are just normal companies doing the same stuff always, watching the actions of others and always in danger. This is a concept that doesnt have a lot of science, its just the normal market that we are seing evey day. CONCLUSION The red ocean strategy maybe Works for big companies, but this doesnt define i fis the best option, companies should use the blue ocean strategy because when a lot of companies do the same, the results are going to be the same, and what a Company look for is to get bigger than what they were yesterday. In the concept of blue ocean strategy i dentify that the innovation has a special role in this model, they need to create something different from the rest, and when they do that, they are innovating, but this innovation needs to be unique, that means that only the Company that introduce the change can afford to repeat that unique process. The blue ocean strategy is the best option for every Company, including big companies. REFERENCES http://thomasafowler82.wordpress.com/2013/09/10/what-is-red-ocean-strategy-and

Hum/130 Final

The Hsi Lai Temple sits on 15 acres of land and has a floor area of 102,432 sq. ft. nd is located at 3456 Glenmark Drive, Hacienda Heights CA 91745. The architecture when you first drive up is mind blowing and beautiful. The architecture stays true to the traditional styles of buildings, gardens, and statuary of the ancient Chinese monasteries. They started the planning and building of the temple in 1978 and finished the building ten years later in 1988. Hsi Lai means â€Å"coming west† and signifies the dedication of the Fo Guang Shan Buddhist Order to spreading the teachings of the Buddha. Fo Guang Shan is the largest monastery and covers over 370 acres. When you walk up the first set of steps you come to what they call the gate. On the top part of the sign it says Hsi Lai Temple which again means â€Å"coming west† and then on the four pillars it says the four universal vows, which are â€Å"to save all sentient beings, to eradicate all worries, to study the boundless Dharma, and to attain supreme Buddhahood. † After you walk up the steps from the lower parking lot where the gate is you walk up more steps to the upper parking lot and then from their you walk up more steps to what they call the Bodhisattva Hall. Bodhisattvas are enlightened beings that made a vow to selflessly serve others with loving-kindness and compassion and are committed to liberating all beings from suffering. It is said that each one of the bodhisattvas represents a virtuous quality essential to all Buddhists. When talking about the bodhisattvas they made a point to make sure that we understood that when we saw that people were bowing to them that they were not bowing to an idol, but rather a sign of showing respect and seeking their guidance to develop the virtuous qualities they represent. Bowing also shows our own humility and the curbing of our ego. There are five bodhisattvas are: Samantabhadra Bodhisattva which is symbolic of great practice, and helping us achieve more discipline in our daily life, Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva which was known for his great vow to help all beings in hell and would not stop till hell was emptied of all beings, Maitreya Bodhisattva is the future Buddha and is the symbol of great benevolence and is often referred to as Happy Buddah, Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva which symbolizes the perfection and loving-kindness, and Manjusri Bodhisattva which is known for great wisdom which empowers one to distinguish universal morality from wrongdoing. Underneath the five bodhisattva are engraved Chinese characters from the Diamond Sutra. Next to the Heart Sutra the Diamond Sutra is the most widely read of the Mahaprajnaparamita Sutra, and is highly valued among sects in Chan Buddhism. While I was at the His Lai Temple I found that they have an information where you can go on two different types of tours of their temple: the first being a self-guided audio tour where they give you a cd player and it gives you valuable information about the temple and all its rooms and buildings as well as the gardens and information on the statues that are found throughout the temple, The second type of tour they offer is with a docent who is more than willing to answer any questions that may come up during the tour, while they inform you about everything within the temple. The two gardens I was able to see within the temple was: the first being the Arhat Garden where the eighteen arhats are seated. The Arhats have realized the truth of no-self and that all is a composite of the five aggregates dependant on other phenomena originally empty and subject to impermanence. It is said that the eighteen Arharts were able to overcome the difilements of greed, anger, and ignorance. The eighteen Arhats are: Cudapanthaka which is the door watching arhat, Jivaka which is the heart exposing arhat, Vajraputra which is the persuading arhat, Subinda which is the pagoda holding arhat, Panthaka which is the arhat with stretched arms, Kalika which is the dust cleaning arhat, Bhadra which is the arhat that crossed the river, Pindola which is the arhat with long eyebrows, Nakula which is the silently seated arhat, Ajita which is the arhat riding the deer, Maitreya which is the tiger taming arhat, Angaja which is the arhat with a sack, Vananasim which is the arhat under the banana tree, Rahula which is the arhat in deep conversation, Manakassapa which the dragon subduing arhat, Kanakabharadavaja which is the arhat holding the alms bowl, Nagasena which is the ear cleaning arhat, and Kanakavatsa which is the jolly arhat. The second garden is the Avalokitesvara Garden. Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva is seated on a giant rock with both her attendants, Shanci and Longnu who are stan ding beside her. Surrounding the pond are the four Deva Kings: Virudhaka of the Southern Kingdom which is holding the sword, Virupaksa of the Western Kingdom which is holding the dragon, Dhanada of the Northern Kingdom which is holding the umbrella, and the Dhrtarastra of the Eastern Kingdom which is holding a sitar. The four Deva Kings are revered as guardians who protect devout sentient beings from being harmed by unwholesome elements. Standing around the four Deva Kings are the four Dragon Kings of the Four Seas. The flowing water in the garden is symbolic of the Dharma water flowing everywhere to purify people’s minds. Although the Buddhist love informing people of their religion and teaching you about their beliefs. They are really not very forth coming when it comes to helping someone who is there for a school assignment. I was asked by the individual to leave his name out and was further informed that they do not normally do this kind of interview. When asked about the holidays and traditions he said the most important holiday is Wesak Day which comes in May on the day of the full moon. As for traditions he said that it all depends on the form of Buddhism tradition that you followed. When asked how has his life has been shaped by the Buddhism religion he said that it has made him a more understanding person to what he called the true nature of life. When asked what the biggest challenge is to the Buddhist religion he said that with all beliefs the biggest challenge is changing you. He has been practicing Buddhism since he was born and was taught by monks and other teachers about the Buddhist religion. When asked if there were any dietary restrictions, he did not come out and say that you had to be vegan but stated that it was more wholesome to be vegan. During our interview I found that it was real simple to become a Buddhist and that all you really have to do is follow the teachings. After that question he seemed to be in a real hurry to end the interview but I thanked him for his time and let him know that what I was able to get answered was very helpful. When it came to compairing this religion to another I chose Christianity, not because it was the easier to compare because I found them to have very obvious differences. In Christianity when you become a Christian you accept God into your heart as Lord and Savior and then are baptized as a symbol of the washing of your sins. When you become a Buddhist you just start following the teachings of the Buddha. The other difference that stood out to me was that Christians believe in a heaven and hell and Buddhist believe that hell is only in the mind. Christians believe that when you die you go to heaven to be with your Lord and Savior, Buddhist believe that when you are done with this life you are reincarnated in the next life. I found this religion to be incredibly interesting as well as beautiful. This religion is all about selflessness, which I found in this day and age to be comforting. In order to become a Buddhists you, you are told to give up all your worldly possessions. Today, everything is about worldly possessions from the cell phone that they have the designer clothes they own, to the car that they drive. When the subject of material possessions is brought up it starts making you think about what is really important in your life and how much thought you actually put into material possessions. I have found that people say that their family and friends are important, but if someone were to ask them to give up these possessions what do you think they would say? These people would tell you that you were out of your mind and then proceed to give you every excuse under the sun on why they could not do this. I believe that it takes an amazing person to be able to put someone else’s life before their own and to truly be devoted unconditionally. As I watched the monks interact with people throughout the times I was there it seemed like they were truly at peace and seemed like they had it all figured out when it came to life. When I first started the assignment I thought that it was going to be stuffy and that I would have to deal with someone who did not want to truly be in the place of having to help someone with a school paper. I found that to be completely false and actually found that not only the monks were willing to answer questions, but all the staff members were happy to answer whatever questions that anybody came up with. At the end of this assignment I found that Buddhism not only left you with such a serine feeling not only while you were in the temple but when you left it made you feel like you could accomplish anything if you just believed. They believe that the only way to truly achieve happiness is by giving up yourself and start paying more attention to others. References: An Introduction to Buddhism. (2000). Retrieved from http://webspace. ship. edu/cgboer/buddhaintro. html Religious Tolerance. (2011). Retrieved from http://www. religioustolerance. org/buddhism. htm buddhanet. (2013). Retrieved from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/cwe/citation_generator/web_01_01. asp

Organization Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Organization Development - Essay Example Referring to the overall impact that individuals, groups and structures have on the behavior of the organizations, Organization behavior is what will eventually determine the direction that any organization takes in terms of ‘development’. There are various schools of thought that revolve around the terminology of OD, but a single comprehensive definition by for Organization Development can only be achieved if we incorporate the behavior, people and processes of an organization through one expression. OD can be defined as â€Å"The manner in which a company would grow over a certain period of time, as influenced by the individual and group culture within the body of the organization, and the interactions between different members. This growth pattern has to be adopted at all levels and it shows the extent to which an Organization can readily adapt to change and simultaneously, gain maximum advantage to meet its objectives†. Through this definition we can understand the end objective of OD as well as the tools and resources which will impact the process. More analysis of the expression tell the reader what will be the benefits for an organization which can make the most effective use of OD in a the most efficient manner. Companies with a robust OD framework in place will be better equipped to manage change and turn external opportunities into advantages for growth. The definitions and the field of OD have been discussed by experts with the help of suitable techniques and theories from applied behavioral sciences and related field. However, the definitions given initially have evolved and changed with the times to meet the requirements of changing nature of organizations. Once considered to be static, structured entities, organizations are now seen as being dynamic, flexible and able to rapidly adapt to changing environments. The explanations given for OD reflect

Eyewitness error Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Eyewitness error - Assignment Example Since, the attained information is either inadequate or poorly collected whereby those who facilitate the entire process before litigation commences present questions to the interviewee towards a certain direction when interrogating eyewitnesses (Wise, Dauphinais & Safer, 2007). This prompts eyewitnesses to err while delivering the essential information meant to help judges and those arbitrating the case impose unnecessary charges on the defendant (Tillman v. State, 2011). Therefore, information collection as well as representation during ligation process ought to consider proper legislative process, which this study seeks to present based on certain given cases (Kenneth Adams v. State, 1993). Mainly, this legislative action entails eliminating eyewitness errors coupled with considering essential issues that characterize criminal cases, for instance, crime control and due process (Wise, Dauphinais & Safer, 2007). To eliminate eyewitness errors, legal system ought to adopt the most ef fective method meant to extract the required information. This will ensure the convicted serve just sentences. In addition, it will ensure the entire process observes the involved parties’ rights, which the law dictates despite their role pertaining to the case. Therefore, this entails utilizing proficient officers to interrogate eyewitness and not excluding the service of eyewitness experts, for instance, psychologists (Tillman v. State, 2011). However, psychologists ought to be proficient in their field to the extent of being able to proffer the required information based on reliable scientific background and pertinent to the case supposed to undergo litigation process (Tillman v. State, 2011). In my opinion, the best solution or approach in eliminating numerous eyewitness errors that characterize litigation process is by employing Tripartite solution (Wise, Dauphinais & Safer, 2007). In this solution, the initial step entails considering eyewitness’ testimony during the litigation process, which is also supported in the Tillman v. State case (Tillman v. State, 2011). Since, this enables the jury and those arbitrating cases to understand essential facts that may be difficult especially in the field judges are not conversant with, for instance, psychology (Martire & Kemp, 2009). Therefore, the eyewitness expert ought to be capable of proffering adequate information coupled with being proficient in the field, which will help him or her deliver reliable and pertinent informatio, hence deliver information or essential facts regarding the eyewitness from psychological perspective which may pose a task especially to the law enforcement officers. This is evident in Tillman v. State’s case though Dr. Malpass failed to present clear and convincing facts intended to prove the testimony he claimed to have a strong scientific base and be pertinent to the case (Tillman v. State, 2011). Therefore, to ensure reliability of any information by eyewitness expert, the proponent ought to prove his or her (1) expertise employed is legitimate, (2) testimony lies within the required scope, and (3) uses the field’s principles (Tillman v. State, 2011). The second step entails adopting effective procedures when extracting the required information to act as eyewitness evidence (Wise, Dauphinais & Safer, 2007). This is via employing scientifically proven procedures that will not only encourage the eyewitness to deliver the

Affect Of Global Recession on Hospitality and Quality Management in 4 Dissertation

Affect Of Global Recession on Hospitality and Quality Management in 4 Star Hotels in Eastbourne, London - Dissertation Example The hotel industry is one of the highest income generators in London due to the booming tourism that is experienced in London and its environs. This has been going on for decades, and not just in London, but also in various cities around the world. Travelling has become a common occurrence in people’s lives for purposes of business, leisure, academic commitments and visiting friends and close associates. With tourism comes hospitality, hence, the high proportion of tourists who every year flock into London has necessitated the establishment of hotels and other forms of accommodation for the tourism. The hospitality sector has for decades grown, and currently it is one of the highest earners in the United Kingdom. As a result of this, global trends also affect tourism in the UK, which would further have an impact on the hospitality and hospitality management in London. The global recession affected the circulation of money around the globe, and since tourists visiting London are derived from UK and various parts of the world, it is evident that tourism was affected. With global recession came an increased standard of living among people. These changes ensured that numbers visiting London were not the same as those that initially visited the city. As a result of all these factors, hospitality and quality management in hotels was markedly affected since hotels were operating under new financial factors and new visitors.

TIS Reflective Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

TIS Reflective Report - Essay Example The second concept is while the ideology of supply chains is crucial to the success of any business, few firms have paid less attention to this and in turn they have limited this concept to the supply chain that take place within the four corners of their business. Consequently, this has led to disjointed and inefficient supply chains. From the tutorial, analysis of Wal-Mart Chain Supply Management System was carried out also with consideration of the enterprise. The learning brought out the implementation to US. The research methods that were used brought out the plans that the supply system has used to ensure that goals are attained. In the research, more could be done to bring out the effect of the supply chain on the consumers, the impact of the supply chain to other competitors. Improvement of the supply chain was also not learned and is an important aspect in the supply chain management. There are lessons that were learned from the learning style. From the research that was carried, it was learned that there is need to become information literate. In order for one to carry out an effective research, there is need to use effective information technology and other techniques that one is good at. Research skills also entail reading of complicated texts and bringing them to an individual’s understanding. One may think that there is no difficulty in reading but in carrying out a research, there is need to properly analyse the texts that one reads. General sources are not always needed in research as was brought out. In the research, general sources do not give out the expected results and data that are needed for analysis. They are mainly used in gaining of context. The research brought out the importance of what to use in referencing. In referencing, there is need for aiming on the credibility of sources basing on the requirements that are needed in the research. Referencing in this way will

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 17

Leadership - Essay Example An example of a transformational leader motivating followers is M. Fethullah GÃ ¼len. He has convinced a movement in Turkey promoting a different kind of Islam. GÃ ¼len motivates his followers with education, a promise of peace, and tolerance. He has built education centers world wide. These educational centers are based on the Islam faith, but do not require students to be Muslim. GÃ ¼len teaches of respect among all religions, Christian, Muslim, or Jewish. Dialogue should be shared among all. Many of GÃ ¼len’s student and followers are motivated by the thought of peace between the religions and furthering of education. The vision is also important. Anyone can say they want to go to the moon, but it takes a leader to get followers to build a rocket ship. The vision must be practical and achievable, with benefits for the followers. It might be impossible to those not wanting change, but GÃ ¼len’s vision is achievable. Thousands of Muslims have heeded GÃ ¼len’s cause of non-violence. GÃ ¼len’s followers believe Islam is a religion and a way of life, just like Islamic terrorists. However, his followers believe that terror or forcing Islam on other cultures is morally wrong. GÃ ¼len’s vision is being carried out, maybe not by every Muslim, but by a good following in Turkey. Hopefully one day Muslims can achieve a lasting peace with each other and the world through transformational leaders like

Price Elasticity of Demand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Price Elasticity of Demand - Essay Example As corn and soybean are substitutes, one can be used in place of the other, so when the demand for corn is increased, its price also goes up making the farmers choose to plant corn instead of soybeans. We know that producers are after their gains or profits, so higher prices will encourage them to supply more of that good. They will find the increasing demand for corn and its high price more profitable than planting soybean. And given that the price of resources or factors of producing corn will be the same as in producing soybean, even the farmlands which were intended for soybean will be used now for planting corn resulting to a decrease in the supply of soybean. The price of corn oil will be definitely increased because as the number of buyers of corn increases, the market demand for it will also increase and price of corn have to be increased to maintain equilibrium. This is because if price will be kept at the same level even with the increase in demand, the supply of corn might not be enough for the demand and will create a shortage in corn. This is what exactly happened in the US last October of 2010 (Berry & Polansek, 2010). Shortage in food supplies made the prices shoot up but prices of grains fell when the weather was better and inventories for US corn were increased.

The Impact of Mobile Banking on the Accounting Profession in Banking Research Paper - 1

The Impact of Mobile Banking on the Accounting Profession in Banking Environment - Research Paper Example It is worth noting that Hello Money, like other mobile banking services, is different from mobile payments, which entail the use of mobile devices to pay for goods. Mobile banking is performed through mobile web or SMS. The service has been particularly facilitated by the evolution of an array of technologies, such as smartphones and web-based technologies, which create the allowance for installation of special features that support mobile banking. The full adoption of mobile banking implies that accounting systems would be automated and this would significantly accounting workplace. The crucial question is then how these changes would affect the banking environment workplace. The trending developments regarding mobile banking are well documented. According to SWIFT (2005), mobile banking is still considered as one of the pertinent topics in the finance industry, as well as for banking institutions. This has been exacerbated by the growing ubiquity of mobile phones across the global population. In a population of about 7 billion people, as many as 5 billion people will be in the possession of mobile phones. At the same time, out of all that population, only 2 billion people will be holding the bank accounts. Consumers are now increasingly using their mobile phones in making payments and bank their money. Mobile banking is described as a growing business, with users expected to increase to about 900 million while the transaction value is expected to exceed 1 trillion dollars by 2015. Many banks have come up with brands of mobile banking. However, the main concerns are inherent challenges. Various entrants, such as PayPal, Vodafone and Google are looking to mobile banking and transactions. However, the business is still immature, considering that only a few initiatives have succeeded in attracting a significant base of users.  

Prejudice Definition Essay Example for Free

Prejudice Definition Essay During the process of communication the vast majority of people judge cultural values in their own image and likeness. Their ethnic and cultural values serve as a criterion for judgment. Really, it is slightly confusing but the main reason for watching the foreign programming is to let the viewer ‘feel’ ethnocentrism. Some things or even an overwhelming majority of what you will see in the foreign film of program will feel a bit ‘off’ or even downright ‘wrong’ for an average American. This feeling occurs due to ethnocentrism. The paper examines how such an attitude can have influence on an individual’s behavior and response from another culture, how society wide ethnocentrism can affect relationships and understandings of other societies, and how it can have an adverse impact on business practices for multinational corporations. Japanese version of the foreign film â€Å"Shall We Dance† will be used as an illustration for some aspects of the paper. Ethnocentrism is a psychological reaction, which occurs when a representative of one culture perceives, sees, values and tries to understand other cultures and their behaviors through prism of his own culture. The person considers the elements of his own culture (standards, roles, values, etc) as natural and â€Å"right†, while the elements of other cultures and nations are considered to be unnatural and â€Å"wrong†. The customs and traditions of his own culture are considered to be â€Å"universal† and â€Å"right† as well. The film â€Å"Shall We Dance† by Masayuki Suo tells us the story of Shohei Sugiyama, who falls in love but not in other woman (being married), but in the art of dancing. When we watch the film, we feel the differences between Japanese and American cultures. Japanese culture seems to be very odd, alien and strange, as the world of dance socials and private lessons is considered ‘shameful’ and ‘improper’ for a Japanese person. The film gets insight into Japanese customs and traditions, explaining that in Japan married couples are more reserved in relation to each other and rarely express their emotions in public (e.g. never say ‘I love you’, or hold hands, etc.). The American nation, on contrary, is more emotional and more ‘open’, therefore we feel really odd while watching the movie. The ethnocentrism that occurs in result of watching the foreign programming evidently has an impact on our behavior. Probably, to a certain extent we are unable to understand the behavior of other cultures in a manner different from that one dictated by our own cultural environment. So, how such an attitude can have influence on a person’s behavior and response from another culture and how society wide ethnocentrism can affect relationships and understandings of other societies? As with any social-psychological phenomenon, ethnocentrism cannot be examined as entirely positive or entirely negative. Although ethnocentrism often put obstacles in the way of intergroup (intercultural) communication, it supports positive ethnical identity and keeps the integrity and specificity peculiar to a certain culture. At the same time, ethnocentrism is inevitable part of our live being a logical consequence of socialization and familiarization with another culture and understandings of other societies. The person’s response predominantly occurs in the form of comparison – a peaceful nonidentity. Yet, ethnocentrism can have an adverse impact on business practices for multinational corporations, because it often impedes effective intergroup (interethnic and international) communication (Allport 1954). Interethnic comparison can be expressed in the form of contraposition or setting off (e.g. the people deny intercultural differences; proclaim their culture to be superior; sometimes people perceive cultural differences as something that imposes a threat to their existence and try to withstand them, often resulting in conflicts between different cultures, etc) that, in its turn, implies at least preconception and prejudice in relation to other cultures and has an adverse impact on business practices for multinational corporations. References Allport, G. W. (1954). The Nature of Prejudice. Garden City, NY: Doubleday

Article Public Opinion of Police by Different Ethnic Group Essay Example for Free

Article Public Opinion of Police by Different Ethnic Group Essay Down though the years there has always been tension and an on and off relationship between the community they serve and law enforcement agencies. And as with any relationship between two people there are misunderstanding, break-up and disagreements and the same is with the relationship between the community and its law enforcement agencies but just with any relationship at day’s end both the community and law enforcement have and share common concerns such as justice and deterrence. With many of communities in America being incursion of immigrants within the last few decades; with this incursion of immigrants many communities are being bombard with so many new language and cultures diversity. Because of this wide range of ethnicity now living within many the walls of our communities and society on a whole now have different opinions and views of law enforcement. Now due to the various ethnicities flooding our communities the author will investigate how a few of these ethnicity groups like: African Americans, Asians and the Hispanics neighborhoods views racial profiling, discrimination and past experience with law enforcement agencies. Taking a look at the traumatized relationship and association between the two, as well as the interaction and reaction from the law enforcement agencies and the communities they serve. Since the conception of the law enforcement agencies race has long since been a vital playing card in policing. Even with the knowledge, awareness and understanding of this there has been some improvement but not enough. Racial opus of law enforcement alongside the racial outline of arrest, the raise in the number of arrest of non- minority like â€Å"Caucasian† by non-white law enforcement officers, while there were lower numbers of arrest by the same officers on other ethnic groups. On the flip side of that coin, more. â€Å"Caucasian† officers had a boost in the number of non-white arrest in comparison to the number of arrest involving â€Å"Caucasians†. Race has been a polarizingelement the in the society of America for years. And this is every so prevalent within the criminal justice system. Clashes involving both the communities and law enforcement are the flashpoint for practically every current inner- city riot. Ethnic Groups The raise of culture variety and immigration has from time to time made interaction with law enforcement difficult. Hispanics and Asian neighborhoods are often apprehensive of law enforcement officers due to their past occurrence. Their past incidents vary from their motherland of origin that was overwhelmed by civil unrest and war. This included exploitation of power by those of authority as well as much dishonesty within law enforcement agencies of that country. For this cause many minorities groups have a apprehension and more often than not an aversion to law enforcement officers. Like within the Hispanic neighborhoods, they often feel that law enforcement agents differentiates them by racial profiling them all because of their nationality. In Arizona this is a very contentious SB 1070 unlawful migration bill that passed given law enforcement agents the power and authority to inquire of certain individual (Hispanic) of proof of documentation of legal right to be in America. This law is being adopted in other states as well like New Jersey and Texas, any where there is a high population of Hispanics. IthasbeenreportedbytwoethnicgroupsAfricanAmericansandHispanic/Latinos affirm subordinate levels of agreement concerning their relationship with police officers as compared to those of their counterpart â€Å"Caucasians†. African Americans and Hispanic/Latinos claims that there is less willingness to obey and to follow orders given by authorities especially of Caucasian origin. Racial profiling has consistently been one of the most confounding, divisive and controversial issues the police department confronts. A perception that police target members of specific ethnic or racial groups creates a deep divide between the police and the communities we serve. But as an officer who has spent a lot of time patrolling the citys streets, I just dont think the perception is accurate. (Dutta, 2010) True racial profiling, in which people are targeted solely because of race or ethnicity, is both illegal and immoral. It destroys public trust and reduces the effectiveness of the police. There is no place for it in law enforcement. And I firmly believe that most LAPD officers support that viewpoint. Even the reported statement of the officer that he couldnt do his job without racial profiling was most likely misinterpreted. (Dutta, 2010) Differentiation between minorities and Caucasians is how they relate and response to law enforcement agents and how fairly or unjustly he or she feels their treatment was. This is a how many African Americans and Hispanic/Latinos responded when asked by authorities regarding their relationship with law enforcement agencies this is less equality than when Caucasians reported.

The Resources And Capabilities Of Kodak Commerce Essay

The Resources And Capabilities Of Kodak Commerce Essay The Eastman Kodak company, otherwise known as Kodak, provides imaging products and services to the photographic markets. It was founded in 1881 by a man named George Eastman, who created the first dry plate formula which he then patented. Eastman believed that new products should be highly user friendly and should be targeted at reaching regular everyday people, making photography something everybody could do and enjoy. By 1884 Kodak had become a popular household name. George Eastmans early success was due to one of his first creations, the roll film, Eastman believed that this creation would be as convenient as the pencil. In 1888 George Eastman put the first simple camera into the hands of the world consumer with the slogan you press the button, we do the rest (Eastman, 1988). Eastman developed principles and values in order to make Kodak a success, these guiding principles and values are; low cost mass production, the importance of quality, international distribution and the belief that growth can only be achieved through continuous improvements in research and development. George Eastman also expressed Kodaks competitive philosophy as, Nothing is more important than the value of our name and the quality it stands for. We must make quality our fighting argument. (Eastman, 1988). By 1902, Eastman Kodak was producing 80 to 90 percent of the worlds Celluloid film. By the 1930s, the company operated dozens of huge, specially designed film-making machines at its Kodak Park plant. The Eastman Kodak company has continued to grow and change with technology, creating new products and processes to make photography simpler and more attractive. Today Kodak is known not only for photography but their images are used in commercial marketing across the world and the entertainment sector, enabling the use of technology, imagery and information to change how people and businesses communicate with each other. Capabilities. Organisations are not identical as they have different capabilities. If an organisation is to gain a competitive advantage, it will do so on the basis of capabilities that its rivals do not have, or have difficulty in obtaining. Strategic capability is the resources and competences of an organisation needed for it to survive and prosper. Kodak is a market leader but to become a market leader Kodak had to adapt and change with the world as new technology became increasingly superior. The biggest problem with an increase in technology was the digital age. Kodak was the market leader in pre-digital age imagery and photography which included film, photo paper and chemical development. The digital age brought the development and increase of technology to which Kodak could not compete. The Kodak Value Chain Pre-digital Age The diagram below demonstrates Kodaks strength in almost all areas of the traditional photography process. film camera video camera Image capture Processing Storage Printing Projection Retailer processing at retail stores reprints (Gavetti, 2005) To overcome this important stage in the companys life cycle Kodak had to refer back to the initial guiding principles and values George Eastman developed for the company which were low cost mass production, the importance of quality, international distribution and the belief that growth can only be achieved through continuous improvements in research and development. By using these principles and values as a guide to improve the company and push themselves into the digital age, the diagram below shows the changes that needed to be made in order for Kodak to successfully enter the new age digital market. The Kodak Value Chain Post-digital Age. At home: printers inkjet consumables, paper Online (paper) At retail stores Online (email, Internet) -digital camera Video camera Film camera Retrieval Image capture Digitalisation Storage Transmission Printing Digital Cameras software Scanner at home Kiosks at retailers Digital mini-labs Online services Hard disk Floppy disk / CD Removable storage (e.g. Memory stick) Manipulation CPU manipulation Projection *coloured box shows Kodak was only partly involved at this stage. (Gavetti, 2005) To gain a competitive advantage, organisations must reposition themselves in order to take advantage of a changing market, or in some cases hold on to their normal resource base. There are two different views, the Resource Based View (RBV), otherwise known as the inside out perspective and the Market Based View (MBV), otherwise known as the outside-in perspective. The resource based view of strategy is the competitive advantage and superior performance of an organisation which is explained by the distinctiveness of its capabilities. In 1959 Dr Edith Penrose developed the idea that firms compete on resources and not their market positioning which supports the resource based view. Another supporter of the resource based view were Prahalad and Hamel who in 1990 suggested that, resources that are valuable, rare or are in some form difficult to imitate form the core-competencies that enable an organisation to compete successfully. In 1985 Michael Porters Competitive Strategy journal suggested that firms should persistently take their environment as the starting point in order to determine an appropriate strategy, thus supporting the market based view. In 2003 Kodak decided they needed to apply the market based view as a strategy to finally revolutionize into the digital age. Kodak made many alterations and changes in order to successfully gain a share in the new market. Dynamic capabilities are an organisations abilities to renew and recreate its strategic capabilities to meet the needs of a changing environment. Dynamic capabilities may take the form major strategic moves such as acquisitions or alliances by which new skills are learned. In 2004 Kodak completed the acquisition of Scitex Digital Printing, and sold its remote sensing systems to ITT Industries. A strategic partnership was formed with Verizon Wireless. The Eastman Kodaks company also acquired voting rights in Chinon Industries, through its Japanese subsidiary. Kodak acquired the image sensor business from National Semiconductor, and also closed its plant in Australia. At the end of 2004 Kodak, Fuji Photo Film and Konica Minolta Photo Imaging formed a picture archiving Kodak and sharing standard group (to enable the preservation of digital photos and motion images on CDs, DVDs and other types of media). To address the development of the information age in cellular technology Kodak achieved an agreement with Cingular Wireless and Nokia to develop services for mobile phones with cameras. Resources. A resource is a person, asset, material or capital which can be used to accomplish a goal. Tangible resources are the physical assets of an organisation such as plant, labour and finance. Intangible resources are non-physical assets such as information, innovation and knowledge. To sustain a competitive advantage a firm must have unique resources. Kodak has many resources. When the company was founded George Eastman patented the creation of the dry plate formula, this asset was the beginning of the success of Eastman Kodak as a market leader. George Eastman was himself one of the main resources of the company; it was his ideas, innovations and creations that created the company and made it the success it is. He not only created the start of photography but he created a guide for the company, a set of principles and values for the company to follow to be successful. Kodaks company logo is a resource as Kodak was the first to integrate its name and look into a symbol with their red and yellow trade dress colour. Employees such as managers with valuable knowledge are an important resource especially managers that have been hired since the managerial re-structure who have up to date knowledge in the digital age. Of course all the other workers and employees (labour) are just as important to keep the company going, workers with the necessary skills and experience that run the company and plants in a successful and efficient manner. Kodak has a lot of equipment, some of which Kodak has had to change and has had to be updated since the change and increase in technology in the digital age. Finance is also a main resource as without it there are a lot of other resources you cannot have; finance affects the entire running of the business. Innovation is a key resource, not only was it important for the creation of the company but it is vital for the future of it. To a greater or lesser degree, innovations either enhance or destroy competencies that a firms already possesses (Utterback, pg183). An example of innovation by Kodak is the razor blade strategy that George Eastman applied at the beginning of the company. Kodak sold cameras at low prices in order to generate profit from the sales of films for the cameras. The digital age shook the Eastman Kodak company. Kodak was stuck in the past not unable but unwilling to change with the rest of the world as technology increased and advanced. Kodak had the ability to take control when the digital market emerged but chose not to because they believed nothing could be as pioneering or as popular and as the film. The beginning of the change into the digital age was in 1981, Sony launched the introduction of the first filmless digital camera called the Mavica. Films were becoming outdated and this was what Kodak needed to realise. Had Kodak taken control and made the change at the right time, Kodak would be in a completely different situation, however Kodak was too late to recognise the need for change and when they finally realised they needed to change in order to survive they were slow to react which in the end cost them the market leadership. Competencies. Competencies are the skills and abilities by which resources are deployed effectively through an organisations activities and processes. Core competencies are competencies used to achieve competitive advantage in ways that others cannot imitate or obtain. Competences are created as organisations combine humans and technology. If correlated together perfectly these competences will change over time as both knowledge and technology develops. Chandler worked and developed this theory further in both The Visible Hand (1977) and Scale and Scope (1990). The link between humans and technology can be seen within the Kodak company, for example, recently Kodak have made changes to their managerial structure which has enabled them to gain new managers with knowledge and experience in digital photography and Kodaks continuous networking strategy facilitates business opportunities with like-minded business people. An example of networking for Kodak is when George Eastman marketed the first commercial transparent roll film in 1889, the impact ranged beyond consumer and professional photography. For one thing, it enabled inventor Thomas Edison to develop the first motion picture camera in 1891, and by 1896 Kodak was marketing film specially coated f or motion picture use. Prahalad and Hamel (1990) said, Resources that are valuable, rare or are in some form difficult to imitate form the core-competencies that enable an organisation to compete successfully. The knowledge-based view creates a new competence to the organization which is the ability to create and share knowledge which gives the organization a competitive advantage. Grant believes that competencies are created from the incorporation of knowledge. However an important point has to be made, it does not matter how much valuable knowledge you have or how expensive your equipment is worth if you do not know how to use your resources efficiently. As a common rule, competency-enhancing innovations are just as likely to develop from established firms as from outsiders. Competency-destroying innovations, however, almost always come from outsiders. The necessity to develop new competencies in anticipation of future developments is an important factor of long-term business success and George Eastman seems to have recognised this requirement which is one of the reasons why Eastman is also recognised as a successful innovator. Conclusion. The Eastman Kodak company was described as, an example of repeat strategic failure it was unable to grasp the future of digital quickly enough, and even when it did so, it was implemented too slowly under a continuous change strategy and ultimately it did not fit coherently as a core competency'(Mendez,2005). It is amazing to think how Eastman became a global market leader instead of the Germans, as the Germans were the leaders in the science of optics, chemicals and design of cameras. However German products were usually expensive and produced in small numbers whereas George Eastman struck a desirable balance between cost and quality. For example, Eastman quickly replaced his original Kodak camera with his No. 1 model because the former shutter system was inherently costly to make. Eastman focused on his financial and HR on an international mass market and large-scale production. There are some similarities with Eastman Kodak and Henry Ford who incorporated the Ford Motor Company in 1903. A firm is said to have a competitive advantage when it is implementing a value creating strategy not simultaneously being implemented by any current or potential competitors. (Barney, 1992:102) When Thomas Edison asked Eastman to produce a special film for the newly invented motion picture camera, Eastman already had the competencies needed to develop it, he simply had to lengthen and strengthen his strips of film and add holes to connect the movie cameras sprocket. The importance in the development of new competencies in anticipation of future developments is a vital factor of long-term business success. All of George Eastmans early attempts at colour photography failed, and these failures encouraged him to establish RD in the Eastman Kodak Research Laboratory. The idea of competency is essential to the survival of all firms as they encounter change. During the time it took for the transformation of the Eastman Kodak company to transform into the market leader it is, many other successful companies disappeared in a time of technological change. The capabilities, competencies and resources of a company are the key factors that give a company the competitive advantages to enable them to be successful and gain market share. This has been apparent throughout the research taken on the Eastman Kodak company. However even with these capabilities, competencies and resources, no matter if you are a market leader or a small company barely breaking-even, if you do not use these competitive advantages efficiently and do not recognise the need for change your company is going to suffer just as the Eastman Kodak company did. Word count: 2,281

F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby and the Jazz Age :: Great Gatsby Essays

The Great Gatsby The Jazz Age In 1920, F. Scott Fitzgerald said that â€Å"An author ought to write for the youth of his generation, the critics of the next, and the schoolmasters of ever afterwards.† Fitzgerald wrote about what he saw during the 1920’s, which he dubbed â€Å"The Jazz Age,† and The Great Gatsby is considered a correct depiction of that era. After World War I, many Americans felt a distrust toward foreigners and radicals because they held them responsible for the war. These beliefs led to a revival of the Ku Klux Klan, a racist, anti-Catholic, and anti-Semitic group. This general distrust of liberal movements and foreigners lasted throughout the decade. In 1920, Harding won in a landslide victory under the campaign promises of returning to â€Å"normalcy.† People wanted peace and prosperity and Harding tried to give it to them by returning the United States to its prewar conditions. He established probusiness policies and went against labor unions. He pushed peace by urging disarmament. The Congress passed bills to restrict the number of immigrants coming into the country. Harding was very popular because he returned the U.S. to prosperity, after his death in 1923 it became apparent that his administration was one of the most corrupt in U.S. history. Calvin Coolidge took over and followed Harding’s policies and the prosperity continued. Young people, disillusioned by their experiences in World War I, rebelled against prewar attitudes and conventions. Women refused to give up the independence they had gained from the jobs the got during the war. In 1920, the Nineteenth Amendment gave them the right to vote, and they demanded to be recognized as equals. Women adopted a masculine look: they bobbed their hair, were more open about sex, quit wearing corsets, and smoked and drank in public. Most Americans were brought up to at least a modest level of comfort. They worked fewer hours and were making more money, so the development of leisure activities became important. Prohibition, enacted by the Eighteenth Amendment in 1919, attempted to get rid of alcohol. Instead of ending the use of alcohol, Prohibition prompted the growth of organized crime.

Examining Teaching through a New Lens: Learning about English Language

As a future educator, I tend to find myself wondering about my students. I think about the challenges that may arise and the tasks that I will need to accomplish. I know that there will be many joys and rewarding times during teaching; I also recognize the potential struggles. I wanted to make my focus for this paper a learning experience. I wanted to dive into information on a topic that I was unsure of and learn more about how to handle it. I aimed to find information about ELL, English language learner, students and how I could assist them in the classroom. My Topic and What I Already Knew about My Topic I will explain in this section why I wanted to research within the topic of ELL students. I will also provide my past knowledge and experiences that include being with ELL students due to my observation in a public school for my F200 class. The few weeks I spent observing shed a new light on the subject for me. Topic Choice I decided to focus my research on the topic of ELL students. I knew that understanding ELL students would be important to my future. I knew that it would be critical to find out information on ELL students because I only speak English. I wanted to know what I could do as these students’ teacher to help them learn as much as possible. Past Knowledge and Experience If you would have asked me about ELL students any time prior to this year, I would have not been able to tell you one thing about them. I honestly never had the thought of having to teach a student who spoke a different language than me. I grew up in a small, rural town with all English speaking students. I never saw my teachers faced with the dilemma of having a different language spoken in the classroom. Not being exposed to ELL studen... ...eb.b.ebscohost.com English language learners. (2013). Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_cgf.asp Ernst-Slavit, G., Moore, M., & Maloney, C. (2002). Changing lives: teaching English and literature to ESL students. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 46(2), 116-128. Retrieved from http://web.b.ebscohost.com Goldenberg, C. (2008). Teaching English language learners. American Educator, 32(2), 8-44. Retrieved from http://www.aft.org/pdfs/americaneducator/summer2008/goldenberg.pdf Heining-Boynton, A. L. (n.d.). Keys to success for English language learners. Retrieved from http://www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/760 Vacca-Rizopoulos, L. A., & Nicoletti, A. (2009). Preservice teachers’ reflections on effective strategies for teaching Latino ESL students. Journal of Latinos and Education, 8(1), 67-76. Retrieved from http://web.b.ebscohost.com

A Missed Opportunity :: Personal Narrative Writing

A Missed Opportunity Every time we had visited Williamsburg, my mother had always wanted to see the famous Fife and Drum Corps. Dressed in full costume of red coats and tri-corner hats, these re-enactors parade down the Duke of Gloucester Street playing their instruments in a â€Å"call to arms† of the town’s militia. These men have always been one of the main attractions of Williamsburg and one of the symbols of the colonial area. They perform only once or twice a week and by either bad luck or fate, my mother has never actually seen them march. The single time that she did wait for their performance to start, it was cancelled due to bad weather. It was the second day of our family’s annual three-day trip to Colonial Williamsburg. We had spent the majority of the day strolling about the colonial area, and tensions were getting high. My brother, as the middle child, always picked the most inopportune times to annoy my sister, the youngest. After several near fights, my parents thought that a little separation was in order, at least until dinner. My mother suggested that we go see a program entitled â€Å"Dance: Our Dearest Diversion†. Of course, she knew that neither one of us would care to go see the show, being as uninterested in colonial dancing as a cat is of swimming. Per tradition, my brother and I had earlier in the day bought colonial styled games. He had chosen a handsome set of Fox and Geese, while I had decided on the more exotic and unknown Mancala. All the game consisted of was a flat board with fourteen pits on it, two of the pits being slightly larger than the rest. The bigger pits were at the ends of the board, and the other twelve were in two rows between them. Those pits had four stones (or flattened marbles) in them, and the object of the game was to capture the most stones. According to the little pamphlet that came with the game, Mancala required more mathematical reasoning than sheer luck. We had sat under the shade of one of the numerous trees that lined the main street of the colonial section, to try out my newly bought game and to rest my tired feet. The cool breeze soothed my scorched my neck as I contemplated my next move.

Alexander Pope’s Essay Essay

Alexander Pope’s Essay on Man and Voltaire’s Candied adopted opposing views on how reason should be used during their time. They had varying opinions about taking man’s life in general with Pope adopting a pessimistic view of life while Voltaire expounded on scathing remarks about things and events which he observed. Pope elucidated that he had two reasons for writing his essay and that was first, he thought that â€Å"principles, maxims, or precepts so written, both strike the reader more strongly at first and are more easily retained by him afterwards. † The second reason was because he knew that he could express himself more using the poetic style instead of prose itself. First, Pope uses this reasoning ability to work on his references and regard for God as well as His great domain. It was a requirement then that the writers would regard the religious authority in such a high regard. It seems that Pope uses reason in order to dwell on the fruitlessness and meaninglessness of life. Pope reasons that this maze of life has a reason for being so and believes that there is a plan for everything and that there is no haphazardness in what happens to man: A mighty maze! But not without a plan; a wild, where weeds and flow’s promiscuous shoot; Or garden, tempting with forbidden fruit. Together let us beat this ample field, Try what the open, what the covert yield! Born in 1694 to a middle-class family in Paris, Francois-Marie Aroused, later known as Voltaire, grew up at a time when the majority of the people in France lived in abject poverty. When he came of age, Voltaire witnessed the iron-fist rule of the aristocracy, and at the same time, the spread of the Enlightenment and its ideas of equality and basic human rights, as well as the importance of reason and scientific objectivity. It is not surprising then that he will devote his time writing biting satire which eventually garnered him a solid reputation in France. So scathing were some of his writings that it caught the ire of its target, the government, which unhesitatingly meted out punishments, ranging from exile to imprisonment. In fact, it was during his incarceration in the infamous Bastille that he acquired his nom de plume. Thus, he uses reason in another kind of biting way in order to effect changes. Aside from the government, Voltaire also criticized the Church with equal fervor and in with perfect reason he could ever think of. Indeed, he became a lifelong champion of the poor and the downtrodden, and used the power of the pen to further his cause, writing with a rare kind of passion against both tyranny and religious persecution. In the 1750s, greatly dismayed by the injustice and disaster that surrounded him, Voltaire set out to write what would become his signature work, Candied, where he simultaneously criticized the nobility and the Church, and the people’s misguided optimism (Spark Notes). Candied, the protagonist of the novel was an illegitimate child of a German baron who grew up under the tutelage of the philosopher Dr. Pan gloss who taught him about unconditional, and often misguided, optimism: â€Å"It is demonstrable that things cannot be other than they are, for since everything is made to serve an end, everything necessarily serves the best end. Observe: noses were made to support spectacles, hence we have spectacles. Legs, as anyone can plainly see, were made to be breeched, and so we have breeches. . . . Consequently, those who say everything is well are uttering mere stupidities; they should say everything is for the best (p. 2). † The philosophy, thus, points out the perverted idea during Voltaire’s time that all things—including all human suffering—is part of a cosmic plan, and one must not question whatever tragedy comes his way, for to do so is tantamount to questioning God’s plan. Put another way, since God is perfect, then he must have created a world that is no less than â€Å"the best of all possible worlds. † In the meantime, Candied fell in love with the baron’s daughter, Lady Cunegonde, but the blossoming affair was cut short when the baron caught them kissing. He kicked the young Candide out of his house, and so began the long list of Candide’s misfortunes which collectively challenged his conviction about the â€Å"best of all possible worlds. † His experiences—and later, those of Dr. Pangloss—could serve as proof to the notorious Malcolm’s Law which states that if something can go wrong it will. This is how Voltaire was able to parody Dr. Pangloss’ philosophy: first, his philosophy is proven false by real-world evidence; and second, Pangloss’ philosophy ultimately encourages complacency toward all that is wrong in the world. At one ridiculous scene, when Dr. Pangloss’ benefactor, the Anabaptist Jacques, was drowning in the bay of Lisbon, the philosopher prevented Candide from trying to rescue him by insisting that â€Å"the bay of Lisbon had been specially contrived so that the Anabaptist might drown in them† (p. 13). One could also draw from this event that people like Pangloss are ludicrously fatalistic to a point that there is no reason to make any effort to put matters into one’s own hands, and to change things that are evil. Voltaire was profoundly critical of the Church’s beliefs as can be seen in his literary works Candide. He draws on this reasoning ability in order to refer to many things around him just as when Pope makes reference to presumptuous man. He uses his reasoning again in order to look at the mysteries that are presented to him. Then say not Man’s imperfect, Heav’n in fault, – Say rather Man’s as perfect as he ought: His knowledge measur’d to his state and place, His time a moment, and a point his space. Meanwhile, it was at about this time that more philosophies claimed that reason could be used in order to explain everything. Reasoning ability was placed at a high pedestal explaining that people can make the world a better place to live in and Voltaire uses reason again to counteract this reasoning. He is not given to such optimism, preferring instead to reason that he doubts that there is â€Å"ever a chance of people securing happiness† (1-2). Voltaire’s reasoning was a bit odd because in his failure to reason out well, he instead adopted the belief that â€Å"true happiness can only be experienced in an unreal world. † (42) lamenting the fact that optimism is a mania for â€Å"saying things are well when one is in he. † (40). Thus, Voltaire uses reasoning in order to satirize the foolishness of believing and being optimistic. Of the writers during the Enlightenment period, Voltaire was one writer who criticized the Church with equal fervor. Indeed, he became a lifelong champion of the poor and the downtrodden, and used the power of the pen to further his cause, writing with a rare kind of passion against both tyranny and religious persecution. In the 1750s, greatly dismayed by the injustice and disaster that surrounded him, Voltaire set out to write what would become his signature work, Candide, where he criticized the nobility and the Church, pointing out the people’s misguided optimism (Spark Notes). The philosophy, thus, points out the perverted idea during Voltaire’s time that all things—including all human suffering—is part of a cosmic plan, and one must not question whatever tragedy comes his way, for to do so is tantamount to questioning God’s plan. Put another way, since God is perfect, then he must have created a world that is no less than â€Å"the best of all possible worlds. † Later on, Candide meets Martin, an extreme opposite of Dr. Pangloss in that he is a categorical pessimist who finds the world â€Å"utterly mad and abominable† (p. 75) where one can find â€Å"very little virtue or happiness† (p. 77). Indeed, this philosophy is more effective at explaining real-world experiences than Pangloss’, but it too has its flaws. Thus, Martin fails when he predicts that Candide’s valet trusted with millions in gold will surely betray his master out of greed. And like Pangloss, Martin is seen as somebody who does not assume a proactive role in changing the world for the better, for after all, he abides by the idea that man is bound to live either in misery or in boredom. In effect, Voltaire demonstrates that both absolute optimism and absolute pessimism are nothing more than simple abstractions that defies reality. Voltaire shows a pessimistic view of human nature in Candide. To do this he used an imaginary perfect world—El Dorado—where Candide lived in for a short time. Inaccessible to outsiders, the kingdom of El Dorado is full of just and peaceful people who pay no attention to jewels and gold that lay scattered everywhere. But rather than remain in the perfect world of El Dorado, Candide has acquired a greed that ultimately made him decide to leave the place, in order to return to the imperfect world where he could live off the jewels he has taken from El Dorado. He said, â€Å"If we remain here, we shall be only as the other inhabitants; whereas if we return to our own world with but a dozen of sheep laden with the pebbles of El Dorado, we shall be richer than all the kings of Europe†¦ and we may easily recover Lady Cunegonde† (p. 52). However, misfortune continued to follow him, and culminates in his reunion with his beloved Cunegonde, who, alas, has turned unbearably ugly due to her own share of difficulties. In the end, Candide learns that practical action seems to be the only antidote to human suffering. This he learned when he met a humble old man who, with the help of his children, is content and happy. He told Candide, â€Å"Labor holds off three great evils: tedium, vice and poverty† (p. 103). Taking this advice, Candide and his group set themselves to exercise their various talents (e. g. Cunegonde continued to be very ugly, but she became an excellent pastry cook) and their small farm yielded good crops. Indeed, both Pope and Voltaire, being masters at reason, utilized this to their advantage during their time. WORKS CITED â€Å"Candide†. Spark Notes online. 2004. Retrieved June 10, 2008 at: http://www. sparknotes. com/ lit/candide Pope, Alexander. Essay on Man and Other Poems. Dover Publications; New Ed edition (June 16, 1994) Voltaire. Candide. (1759). London: Penguin Books. 1997. Alexander Pope’s Essay on Man and Voltaire’s Candide adopted opposing views on how reason should be used

How Did Geography Affect Where Colonists Settled

Beginning in 1607, when ambitious incline colonists settled in Jamestown, and continuing until the go bad of the xiii colonies was established geographics was a substantial factor in the growing of colonial America. The crops that essentially saved the colonists lives, such as tobacco, strain, and indigo, wouldnt have big without a certain type and measuring stick of turd to grow properly. Also, the Appalachian Mountains and the tugious forests provided a barrier for the colonists, pr make upting them from press release in addition far west right a charge, and create the colonies to form in the arrangement they did.Finally, the tribe was the most dull in put colonies, such as overbold York, vernal Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania partly because of the mild embellish and impregnable soil. Early in the 1600s, tin Rolfe and his wife Pocahontas discovered tobacco. It was soon hard sought after in Europe, and pronto became a cash crop for Virginia. after(prenom inal) establishing the tobacco industry in Virginia, many an(prenominal) an(prenominal) of the new(prenominal) colonies soon followed suit. Unfortunately, tobacco quick drains the nutrients of the soil that it is planted on.Without the plentiful and fertile soil that these settlers were using, it would have been very gruelling for the colonists to survive much longer. Tobacco wasnt the provided crop that the colonists discovered early on on, however. In South Carolina, many rice and indigo plantations began to emerge. In order for rice to grow, it needs to be planted in a swamp, or some other sort of low-watered area. The swamps of South Carolina were a ameliorate place to grow rice, and was considered a sufficient mans crop because of the labor it took to harvest and grow it.Without certain soil and growing conditions, it would have been very sticky for the colonists to sustain themselves in the early years of America. The natural landscape of what is now cognise as the United States also was a big part of how the original long dozen colonies developed. The Appalachian Mountains stretch from Maine all the way to Georgia. This mountain range prevented the first colonists from going too far west. This, in turn, do it so that the population were more dense, and thither was a higher concentration of people. The dense forests of the eastern seaboard disallowed for large cities to be created right away.This geological factor laboured colonists to spread out within the perimeters of the Appalachian Mountains and the Atlantic Ocean, without being too slopped together. Both of these factors could be overlooked tardily enough, but did have a logical opposition of the organic evolution of colonial America. Finally, the geographics of the affection colonies, such as New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania p coiffureed a big role on the development and population of this area. In the sixteen and 17 hundreds, the above colonies were the most populated of the thirteen establishments.There was plentiful and fertile soil, in which tobacco was heavily grown. The Susquehanna River also flowed through this region, inception the possibility of fur trade. Other youngster rivers that were found in the middle colonies were gentle, which provided for well-heeled transportation and fishing. The land in the middle colonies was broad and expansive, making it easy for even the middle class residents to create an gratifying and profitable lifestyle. In conclusion, there were many factors that contributed to the development of the colonial America, but geographics was clearly a sizable influence.If the geography of America wasnt the way it was, the colonists who settled here may have non survived as well as they did. By the time the tobacco industry was established, and pocket-size cities began to rise, American came to realize that not single were they surviving, but they were thriving. This realization had to do with more than t he fact that they had separated themselves according to religion, or put aside the issue of the primal Americans. There is no question that the lay of the land had a substantial impact on the development of not only colonial, but also current America.

Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s house Essay

Henrik Ibsens A shuttles dramatics is all about womens unspoilts. We foot infer from the theme of the novel that the indite Henrik Ibsen was a rugged Feminist as he created timbres that fought for the rights of women. The central character of A Dolls house, Nora fought for the same cause. Nora attempts to become a strong unmarried even though she was being locked in a masculine dominated origination. Her economise Torvalds autocratic nature was the superstar that was preventing her from become self motivated.She appeared inexperienced, frank and vulnerable till the end when she surprised everybody by boldly leaving her conserve and children to live an individual career. Noras world appeared to be so girlish that the author has named it as a dolls house. She appeared as an alien to the real world with no real world experience. She was even constitute humorous in few incidents. But we empennage nab the same Nora being serious and toilsome to be superior as she say s one isnt without influence. This shows the libber views of the character or the author. A Dolls house speaks about womens rights.Even though Nora is constructed as immature and silly, we prat see that this nature is enforced by the indian lodge around her. However her true nature was apprenticed to be revealed later. Nora is found to be an independent cleaning wo human beings who was restricted within the dollhouse by her preserve. Her aliveness was homogeneous that of a butterfly that is trying to trip up out of the cocoon to show its true colors. We house see Nora striving, throughout the play, and finally unveiling her master self. She is indeed a classical pigboat. She was submissive to her economize and was en thuslyiastic and smart.We hobo say that Nora was invariably right in her attitude as this was the best she can be towards her dominating husband. Towards the end of the play she sight herself and took the big shocking finale to leave her husband and chi ldren for ever. The feminist ideologies of Nora were revealed in the end of the novel. She was found mortify to her husband Torvald who believed that women are frail and can neer make decision of their own. However finally Nora gets pull in of her individuality and dares to take the great decision to void her husband and children.Noras great passion for life and her strong feministic beliefs stimulated her to take the decision of her life. She courageously broke away from the doll house that appeared as a prison for her all through these age. Nora was evermore under the care of someone, first with her father and accordingly with her husband. Nora was a materialistic, impulsive and babyish. But Nora appeared as a bold woman in the final expression of the play. We can see Nora the classical hero go out of her house in the final scenery to live her life.All this makes us doubt whether she was pretext to be silly all through these days to adjust with the patriarchal oppressio n she was suffering from her husband Torvald. Nora finally becomes fully independent to renounce the fictive union of marriage and the burden of motherhood. She says Never see him again. Never. Never. Never. Never see the children again. Them too. Never. never. Oh the icy black urine Oh that bottomless that - Oh, if only it were all over direct hes got it hes construe it. Oh, no, no Not yet Goodbye, Torvald Goodbye, my darlings. Nora was the upholder of womens rights. She struggled against the selfish, stifling, oppressive and dominating attitude of her Husband Torvald and the association which he represents. Nora journey lead to her self-discovery as she fought against the exploitation of women by men. Torvald represents the orthodox society and Nora is the advocate of feminism. Torvald did non give each privilege to Nora and called her silly name throughout the play. He called her squirrel, lark, humble play, superficial songbird, weensy person, little woman, and little featherhead.Torvald never forgot to use the tidings little before these names. He considered her as little. He was also very possessive and always used my before these names. Torvald never considered Nora equal to him. He thought she is inferior to him. The feminist beliefs of Nora rise up at outlive and she comes to know that she has been a jerky doll in a toy-marriage and walks out of her house slamming the door behind her and surprising Torvald. Nora was just considered like any other possession of Torvald. She was not tending(p) any humane privilege.The feminist beliefs of the author despised this attitude of Torvald and encouraged Nora to plunder away one day from the doll house. Nora recognizes her rights at last and is awakened. She stops pretending to be what she is not. She became a strong woman and takes control of her own destiny. Torvald considered his wife, children and status symbols and had a very narrow definition about marriage. He thinks that it is the duty of the wife to be good to her husband and children. She deems women as helpless creatures separated from reality and object lesson force.The author highlighted the self realization of the main character Nora and the way she becomes an example to feminist political theory. The novel thus becomes an extraordinary work in which a man portrays strong feminist ideologies. The attitude of Nora reveals the strong feminist views of the author. Nora always wanted to get out of the bobby pin of her husband as she says to Rank and Linde Ive the close to extraordinary longing to say Bloody fossa She finally gets out all her social and tralatitious commitments and obligations as become free as a hero.She is such a classical character that our police wagon are with her even though she took the pitiless decision to leave her moral husband and innocent little children. She can be called as a hero as a fought for a good cause, the emancipation for the weaker sex. The position of women in the 1800s, during the time of Nora was too low. They lived as housewives with no right to vote, own property, and make any significant transactions. Nora recognized her slavery and preferred to break away and live a life with freedom.It is cypher but her courage to fight against oppression do her the most admirable stage heroine of the century. What she has done is dead justifiable in the light is modern font ideology and culture. She was just being a model to the women of modern days. She stepped into a wider world and making her husband understands that he is not the noble person that she expected him to be. She understands that she can no longer continue as a shadow of her husband. She turned out to be a classical hero in the contemporary male dominated society that oppressed women to the core and considered them as a second-class citizen.She just initiated an awakening and do a classical turn in history.SourcesIbsen, Henrik. A Dolls House. Introduction to publications Re ading, Analyzing, and Writing. Englewood Cliffs Prentice, 1990. Henrik Ibsen. Dolls House The Wild manipulate The Lady from the Sea . J M dickhead & Sons Ltd, 1979. Marianne Sturman. CliffsNotes on Ibsens A Dolls House & Hedda Gabler. Cliffs Notes, 2003. Egil Tornqvist. Ibsen A Dolls House. Cambridge University Press, 2004. Henrik Ibsen A Dolls House and Other Plays. Penguin Classics, 1965.

Coyote Blue Chapter 10~11

CHAPTER 10 fore truly interject Easy, po ligh tenneri accosty checkSanta Barbarasur count-to- walk e preciseplace missile spent few of the somberness alter up the debris from josh Spagnolas guess run directentious exhi p kittyion. timid from the boilersuit st tar shortenness of his xx- quatern hour period, he went to retreat early, much than e very(prenominal) s end up laic c completely trim until tumefy by and by mid dark, primary worrying, olibanumly arduous to pro ample oerturn what was occurrent to him, and fin eithery fantasizing c in in force(p) everyw present(predicate) nethersburningd the lady con strain. Amid the mis incur he retained desire, although he could non logic apiecey st precipitate proscribed wherefore. She was, aft(prenominal) tot exclusivelyy, proficient a female child the goofiest female child he had ever met. Still, the vista of perceive her everywhere adept term to a sweller extent than do him smile, and he was com composition creatorsurate to melt into reverieless quietness.When he awoke the array by fount(p) break of twenty-four hourslight, the sphere meeted a oft snips variety raiseer place, as if during the shadow the calamities of the previous solar bastardly solar day had survive remote and harmless. magnitude had re sour. At champion term he skill consider met such(prenominal) a day by present to the wage hike f songmanship weather and thanking the keen fondness for go his ac cordance with the adult male, as s depressive disorder had taught him. He would absorb looked for rain atomic re figureor clouds, mat the pact of the days winds, smelled the dew and the sage, lis ten dollar n adept of handne scarlet for the bitch of an eagle, the bulgematch of cheeseparing-luck signs, and in that in breast tenacious respireted epoch he would distri furthither on substantiate that he and the land were of finishedness nerve, balanced.at one time he pretermit the recruit sun by iii hours. He met his day in the tar extender, process his coppersb registerth with lave that was guaranteed to nominate neer been dress in a bunnys look and from which ten pct of the net went to rescue the whales. He la in that locationd his heart with s alertr skim remove dispense with of chlorofluoro political machinebons, at that placeby obstetrical delivery the oz wizard layer. He breakfasted on juicy orchis primed(p) by sexu everyy fulfil chickens that were al commencemented to range plot listening to Brahms, and muffins do with pesticide- deliver grain, so no eagle-egg shells were debased by his negligent consumption. He go the egg in margarine free of tropic oils, thus preserving the rain fo relaxation behavior, and he added milk from a motorcartonful do of recycled subject and shipped from a atrophied family farm. By the fourth dimension he finish his b ite form of c forthee, which would presumably encourage to work the children of a curt small fry sodbuster cognomend Juan Valdez, sur demo-to-air missile was on the marches of congratulating himself for single-handed sparing the artificial induct passellite s piece of asstily by consumeting up in the morn. He would trust adept cross cente sound been guess, however, if individual had t of age(predicate) him that it had been devil eld since he had dec key clean on unpaved ground.He was musical com locate a line to himself to barf a sore imperceptible depicted object on his com perpetrateer, remedy THE WORLD, sully THIS POLICY, when get at Spagnola countered.sur mettle-to-air missile, did you fetch what happened at the linkup specify acquire night?No, banter, Ive been transform up my place.The place, sur attend-to-air missile. I estimate this im start be an easier modulation if you cacography referring to it as the place.You prete nd up they voted to pervert me light preceding? With break correct n championtheless petition me? I study eruptt read it.I was in truth very surp bristled myself. bulk previous to dis analogous you in the extreme, surface-to-air missile. I depend the cauterise hotdog was join(a) their beg sour for a public fuck-oer.You t obsolescent them it wasnt my dog, didnt you?I t ancient them, comp permitely it didnt discipline. They abhor you, surface-to-air missile. The doctors and lawyers hatred you because you contract plenty funds to live here. The commence pass waterched with turgid cats abominate you because youre single. The hook up with women loathe you because you incite their husbands that they arnt single. The old club sodaulation scorn you because youre four-year-old, and the rest splutterny nauseate you because you argonnt Japanese. Oh, yeah, adept grow clapperclaw scorns you because you absorb tomentum cerebri. For a true cat that maintains a low profile, youve lead sort of a exact s at p resentball of resentment.surface-to-air missile had neer accustomed his neighbors a moment eye puppet, neer plane dress d re trance key in to most of them, so straight the ac forgatherledgement that they detested him rep permite to apply prohibited admission musical mode(a) his topographic stagecoach was a shock. Ive neer by dint of with(p) every amour to pain whatever soulfulnessify in this interlacing.I wouldnt birth it personally, surface-to-air missile. goose egg act upons throng in concert handle hate for emolument. You didnt boast a chance everywhere once against the carcass lawn lawn lawn tennis courts.What does that mean? We dont scoot commit frame tennis courts.No, neertheless when they demoralise your t k straight absentledgehouse for what you stipendiary for it, thus carry it to round eubstance to a greater extent commensurate at the commercializ e rate, the acquaintance volitioning concord summ exclusively profit to veryize the immense Compromiser tennis courts. Well be the nonwith rest Gordian in Santa Barbara with frame courts. Should raise the observe of the piazza at to the lowest degree ten portion. Sorry, surface-to-air missile.Isnt on that point whatever affaire I provoke do? Cant I bring sub judice localise finished or well-nighthing?This isnt an formal natter, surface-to-air missile. I am premeditati ace and more thanover(a)r as your fighter and non on be iodin-half(prenominal) of the association, so permit me institutionalize you my lift bug stunned advice on victorious gruelling activeness its suicide. champion-half the guys that voted you stunned ar lawyers. In half- check a winkn months youd be st mavin- bust and theyd be inebriety your declension everywhere congestgammon. The cadence for court-ordered advice was eighter geezerhood pastne when you sign (a) that agreement. owing(p). Where were you and so?I was steal your Rolex.You impress my Rolex? That was you? My favourable Rolex? You shaft of lightI didnt lift you prehistorical, surface-to-air missile. It was a professional person thing. Besides, the law of limitations has carry ac get hold of off. Its measure to exculpate and for larn at. abide a retentive you, taunt. Youll father a billhook for the ravish you ca utilise.surface-to-air missile, do you vex how interested I am most your bill? I dont run a decaying arrive at, I dont-surface-to-air missile hung up on the hostage protection. The audio forthwith rang and surface-to-air missile st bed at it for a here and now. Should he let tantalize f ar the up wielditiation of the closing battle cry? He looked at the tatterdemalion remain of his television, picked up the surround, and sh verbotened, Look, you vermicu recent teensy-weensy fuck, youre flourishing I dont come start t exc iseher and pop your interrogative sentence interchangeable a zitsurface-to-air missile, this is Julia, shovel in at the bureau. I constitute Aaron on the line for you.Sorry, Julia, I was expecting soul else. descend on a second. He sit atomic pile crush on the entrap and held the manslayer to his bosom slice he as label to cure his compo authorized. as tumefy frequently change, withal fast. He couldnt let Aaron gain vigor him with his guard d screwledge. His honest friend Aaron, his partner, his mentor. And pull the leg of Spagnola was sup rateal to be his friend, in handle manner. What was the deal with jolly? Hed moody on surface-to-air missile everyplacenight. why?surface-to-air missile lit a buns and as wellk a immense drop behind, and so blew the low-d corroborate got come on in a irk or so pour in the graduation place dissertation into the resound. Julia, you caught me in the shower. make off Aaron Ill be in the blot in an hour. We ll lambaste and so. He hung up onward she could respond. He dialed the result of the Cliffs warrantor bunk. Josh Spagnola answered.Josh, this is surface-to-air missile huntsman. precise rude, surface-to-air missile. interruption up when I am utter you how smaller I guardianship is very rude.Thats why Im calling, Josh. Ive perceive your diminutive speeches a honcho. I involveiness to subsist what youve got on me. and so you border upnt seen the make-up this morning?I told you in the first placehand, Ive been conjoin holes all piece of ass morning. What goes?Seems that Jim Cable, the descend mogul, was attacked by an Indian removed of his percentage and had a heart attack. They verbalize he had conscionable washed-up an ad providedment with an insurance instrument.So, whats your point, Josh?The point is, surface-to-air missile, that after I ran break through of your place yesterday, I went through the flat tire adjacent threshold and ran off on t he deck. I plan I could come in from base the dog and get a shot at it. flavorlessness when I got thither I see an Indian vaulting everyplace the rail of your deck. The Indian was vestureying depressed, adept manage the one they expound in the paper. arouse coincidence, huh?surface-to-air missile didnt deal what to verify. Spagnola had half the involved on a lower floor his thumb for one final stage or an resister, solo when surface-to-air missile didnt realise how the despoiler apply his discipline former(a) than as a authorize to be rude. surface-to-air missile didnt motivation to bring up down(p)jack when Spagnola concern leader near be in this to get word him squirm. surface-to-air missile had watched a guanine c untruthnts squirm beneath his own manipulation, solely he wasnt sure how to go close it himself. He trenchant to motor a lay approach. Okay, Josh, he utter. Im squirming. at present what?surface-to-air missilemy, I wonder you, cod. You and I ar akin peas in a pod. You, me, and that Aaron guy at your dapple.You get by Aaron? undecomposed intercommunicate to him this morning when I called your responsibility. Your secretarial assistant verbalise that you were no drawn- step up with the bulletproof and Mr. Aaron was victorious all your calls from promptly on. Aaron and I had a recollective tittle-tattle.Did you mark him to the laid- moxie upest degree the Indian?No, he told me. other thing, surface-to-air missile, he seems to destiny you prohibited of the argument attractive naughtyly, only when non just for the profit. I mobilise hes aquaphobic of the direction youre loss to get if it turns issue that youre associated with the Indian who attacked Cable. Who do you recollect has more to lose you or Aaron? uncomplete of us is losing some(prenominal)thing, Josh. This whole thing is a mis select. I dont c be what you cut, I dont go through any(prenominal)thing close any Indian, and I resent the veil threat.No threat, surface-to-air missile. upright t severallying. Its the cleanest commodity, you k instantaneously? No senseprints, no fibers, no ensuant numbers. Its kind-hearted of celestial unearthly in a way. citizenry provide profits for whatsoeverthing that they screwingt smell, or taste, or touch. Its prat glorious, isnt it? I should bugger off a bun in the oven been a spy.surface-to-air missile listened to Spagnola sigh, thus to the subsisting everyplace the line. here it was again, the standoff. How some quantify had he O.K. down over the social classs? How some age had caution of husking cause him to prevarication low and converge the affair of the victim? resemblingwise anathemise galore(postnominal). He endlessly seemed to be foot race from the past and avoiding the prox, however the future came anyway. truly softly, that disquisition over a whisper, surface-to-air missile tell, Jos h, forrader you force as well as enraptured, echo the information you dont provoke.Whats that, old sidekick?You start stunned no mentation who I am or what Im subject of. in that respect was a trammel mum on the line, as if Spagnola was considering what surface-to-air missile had utter. ripe-bye, Josh, surface-to-air missile speak.He hung up the holler, grabbed his car keys, and bespeaked unwrap the accesssill to the Mercedes. As he disarmed the panic and climbed in the car he recognize that he overly had no cerebration who he was or what he was suitable of, and for the number one sentence in his behavior it didnt appal him. In fact, it mat up considerably. brush wolf take ins His Powers bingle day, a long m ago, in the beginning there were any men or televisions, and only wildcat plenty walked the creation, colossal nonion, the branch worker, opinionated that he would accommodate everyone a forward- sounding rear describe. He told the c reature hoi polloi to come to his bear down at morning time and he would drop each one a impertinent disclose with all the powers that went with it. To be fair, ample heart said, call lead be devoted on a first-come, first-served basis. The Earth was a picturesque fair place in those years as long as you showed up on time. brush wolf had a puzzle with this method, however. He pauperization to sleep until luncheontime and harp somewhat conceit up tricks until late afternoon, so acquiring up at morn was a problem, peltther he sincerely valued to get a acceptable recognise. snicker of Jove would be trustworthy, he apprehension. I would be prompt and strong. Or if I translate the corroborate of surrender I depart neer be defeat by my enemies. Yep, I got to get me a pricey institute blush if I bewilder to cover up all night.When the sun went down brush wolf looked all over for a nigh espresso bar, peltther pull down in those days they were practiced of grandiose pseudointellectual animate creation sight who sit nearly in distribute air-toed moccasins and whined rough how unsportsman uniform the realness was, which it wasnt. I dont have the cumulationbelly for that, said prairie wolf. I count Ill scarcely story some deception wake-up pulverize and stick by pump(p) that way.coyote went to see seize. It was well k at one time among the brute lot that seize had a alliance with a ballpark bird from southeasterly the States and was unendingly straightforward for some wake-up powder.Im dreary prairie wolf, my friend, yet I passel non offer you any credit. Ill direct ternary prairie dogs, up front, if you involve the product. And remember, I homogeneous my prairie dogs press real flat. prey was a excepttery teensy prick who archetype he was feeble because he wore shades all the time, armorial bearing at night. Who was he to act so graduate(prenominal) and decent? brush wolf w as insulted.Look, man, Ill have a forward-facial expression name tomorrow. Im pistongence to go for eagle. beneficial grow me the gibibyte now and Ill communicate you six prairie dogs in the morning. guttle move his manoeuver. prairie wolf slunk international.I can puzzle provoke without magic, prairie wolf said. I vindicatory have to concentrate. brush wolf tested to bewilder awake, plainly by the time the moonlight was high in the jactitate he started to doze off. This isnt working, he said. I cant apply my look open. talk of the town to himself a great deal gave prairie wolf ideas, which was a good thing, because ripe now anyone else would talk to him. He broke a check of thorns from a cactus and used them to prop his eyeball open. Im a genius, he said. therefore he beastly drowsy anyway.When brush wolf lastly awoke the sun was this instant over runwayspring. He locomote to abundant essences perplex and let out through the brink flap. doub le bir discontinue I motive Eagle, he said.His eyeball were ironic and fruity from cosmos propped open and his hide was matted with source where the thorns had penetrate his eyelids.Eagle was the first to go, broad olfactory modality said. What happened to you? You look equivalent beat shit. unstable night, prairie wolf said. Whats go forth? buckle beneath? house would be good.thithers only one name left, long nerve said. nonexistence valued it.What is it? brush wolf.Youre denounce me. spectacular tint is not a shitter. prairie wolf ran exterior where the other brute throng were express mirth and talk of the town round their recent call and powers. He pass judgment to get them to avocation names, provided plain dung hang told him to get unconnected. great(p) intent watched brush wolf from his parliamentary procedure and t tip olive-drab for him. abide by here, kid, commodious kernel said. Look, youre stuck with a crappy name, just now perchance I can make up for it. You have to keep the name, merely from now on you are capitulum of the Without Fires. And from now on you can take on any var. that you convey and wear it as long as you tender. prairie wolf conceit close to it for a minute. It was a moderately good bequest perchance he should work this condominiumle with angle more often. So that mover that everyone has to do what I say?some generation, great disposition said.Some c put aside? brush wolf asked. spacious Spirit nodded and prairie wolf fore leave hed crack farewell before gravid Spirit changed his beware. Thanks, G.S., Im outta here. Got to see soulfulness rough some sunglasses. coyote loped off.CHAPTER 11The God, the Bad, and the f patheticSanta BarbaraDuring the short drive to his section surface-to-air missile fixed that if Gabriella gave him the least scant(p) bit of shit he would fire her on the spot. If his demeanor-time was pass to draw unconnected before his eye there was no modestness to grow the slings and arrows of unappreciative employees. There were in any case twenty jr. agents who worked under him, and as long as he held confederacy in the government agency he held the power to study and fire. allow one of them oral cavity off, he ideal. permit one of them look sidelong at me and theyre sacking to be a contrary memory, taillights on the horizon, departed, out, shit-canned, pink-slipped, instantly unemployed.He walked into his side with his lead curling, loaded, and ready to fire, unless was right onward disarmed when he saying Gabriella flex prat in her death electric chasten, smother impel up some her waist, her legs overspread child standardized and high heels alternately pumping in the air and jibe into the prat of the sensitive Indian, who was on his knees in front of her, rotate her precede game and forth, knife knife thrust into her with sordid overturn and yipping with each rap as differ to the meddle pr plaintatives that fly Gabriella in Adonic bursts.Hey surface-to-air missile shouted.Gabriella looked over the Indians lift joint at surface-to-air missile and held one finger in the air as if grade a point, and whence pointed to the meat dramatize on the desk. wiz call, she gasped. The Indian pulled her to him in a curiously ruddy thrust and Gabriella grabbed his shoulder with both reach, soda water her press-on nails off and crosswise the mode ilk tiddlywinks.surface-to-air missile move off his shock, ran forward, and caught the Indian rough the get by in a clear hold. The Indian pumped wildly in the air as surface-to-air missile cartged him off Gabriella and crosswise the outer(a)(prenominal) mail service. He pilot over half-witted into his office with the Indian good-tempered squirming in his fag and it occurred to him that unless things mo rosebush quick to his reward he was in good end vexationment of macrocos m beded. He trilled the Indian over on the spread over and pinned him, face upown, duration he looked roughly for a weapon. The only thing in get hold of was the big multi-line phone on his desk. surface-to-air missile released the maculate hold and lunged for the phone, signal detection it by the cord. He swung almost with it just in time to hit the Indian in the face as he was lift to his custody and knees. The phone blow up into a dot of electronic shrapnel and the Indian pretermit forward onto his face, unconscious(p) unless vellication against the spread over in petit-mal afterhumps.surface-to-air missile looked at the heather mixture of modify wires at the end of the cord where the phone used to be, hence(prenominal) dropped it and staggered to his feet. Gabriella was rest by the door, smoothing her echo down. Her lip rouge was smeared across her face and her hair was spike into a frighten wigging of hair spray and sweat. She started to speak, cons equentlyce discover that one of her breasts was let off peeking out of her dress. let off me. She moody and tuck herself in, and indeedce(prenominal) rancid rear to surface-to-air missile. Ill hold your calls, she said officiously, thus(prenominal)ce she pulled the door close, passing surface-to-air missile altogether in the office with the unconscious, naked Indian.Youre fired, surface-to-air missile whispered to the close door. He looked down at the Indian and saw a bloodstain diffusion approximately his transfer on the carpet. He didnt seem to be snorkelering. surface-to-air missile evil to his knees and tangle the Indians discern for a pulse. nobody.Fuck, not again surface-to-air missile paced nearly the desk four times before he venomous bindingrest in his lash decision maker head and clamped his hands on his temples as if threatening to sweep up out a solution. or else he thought of police and prison house and entangle hope track through his fingers care liquidity light, difference him dark with despair.A grumble noise from the floor. surface-to-air missile looked over the desk to see the bole of the Indian contemptible. He started to go on a sigh of abatement when he recognize that the body wasnt moving at all, it was changing. His eye went unspecific with threat as the weaponry and legs cut down and grew fur, the face grew into a supply outfit, and the spinal anaesthesia editorial extensive and grew into a ungroomed tail. a toss surface-to-air missile could catch his tiping room again he was looking at the body of a wide stern coyote.The coyote got to its feet and agitate its head as if clarification its ears of water, then it edget on the desk and growled at surface-to-air missile, who turn his hot seat behind until it hit the bulwark keister his desk.surface-to-air missile pushed himself up by the chairperson accouterments until he was almost standing against the wall, impulsion ntly seek to put make up a millimeter more among himself and the snarling muzzle of the coyote. The coyote crawled forward on the desk until its face was only inches from surface-to-air missiles. surface-to-air missile could spirit the coyotes damp breath on his face. It smelled of something familiar, something burned. He precious to turn his head by and close his eyeball until the hatred went away, tho his regard remained locked on the coyotes deluxe eyeball. He precious to bitch precisely there was no breath for it and he found his masticate was moving besides no sound was glide path out.The coyote okay away and sit on the desk, then elevated(a) its let down ears and flex its head to the side as if perplexed. surface-to-air missile snarl himself take a breath and the contradictory recommend to say Good bow-wow came over him, provided he remained strong and quiet. The coyote began to quake and surface-to-air missile thought it would attack, and qui te it threw clog its head as if to howl. The skin on the coyotes neck began to flux and stack and took on the operate of a benignant face. The fur receded from the face, then away from the front legs, which became arms, then down the poleward legs, which lengthened into crouching homosexual legs. As the fur bare-assed it disconnected its mordant food colour, routine the burnt tan of a rule coyote. It was as if a tender was literally creep out of a retreat of coyote skin, the black color comme il faut black buckskins shortened with red feathers. A minute passed in what seemed a year as the conversion took place. When it was finished the Indian was crouched on surface-to-air missiles desk clothing a coyote-skin headgear that had once been his own skin.Fuck, surface-to-air missile said, fall hazard into the chair, his eye practised now on the specious eyeball of the Indian.Woof, the Indian said with a grinning.surface-to-air missile shake his head, exhausting to get the chain of mountains to go away. His top dog was take over festal more or less in bedlam severe to put this into some sort of meaty context, solely all he could do was wish that he would pass out and that his kneecaps would freeze parachuting with adrenaline.Woof, the Indian repeated. He geted from the desk, change the headdress that moments ago had been his skin, then sit in the chair opposite surface-to-air missile. Got a bullet? he said.surface-to-air missile felt up his mind lock on to the request. Yes, he understand that. Yes, he could do that. A weed. He reached into his apparel sacking for his tooshies and luminousness and fumbled them out, lost his grip, and sent them skittering across the desk. He was scrambling for them when the Indian reached out and patted his hand. surface-to-air missile screamed, the tenor yowl of a unforesightful girl, and jumped certify into his chair, which rolled confirm until his head snapped against the wall.Th e Indian sullen his head to the side quizzically, the comparable way the coyote had, then took the cigarettes from the desk and lit two with the hoy. He held one out to surface-to-air missile, who remained pushed defend in the chair. The Indian nodded for surface-to-air missile to take the cigarette, then waited season Sam inched forward, snatched it out of his hand, and right away withdraw to his position by the hold wall.The Indian took a dark drag on the cigarette, then turned his head and blew the eatage out in rings that crept across the desk like ghosts.Sam had curled into the fetal position in his chair and looked up only to cast a oblique stare at the Indian when he took a drag from his own cigarette. It occurred to him that he should smell out silly, entirely he didnt. He was muted too panicky to touch sensation silly. When his cigarette was half gone he started to tranquillise down. His caution was draining away, being replaced with umbrageous anger. The Indian sat calmly, bullet and looking around the office.Sam put his feet on the floor, scooted the chair back under the desk, and position what he hoped was a hard wish on the Indian. Who are you? he asked.The Indian smiled and his eyes lit up like an stimulated childs. I am the smack in your shoe, the go in your ear, the wind through the trees. I am the-Who are you? Sam interrupted. What is your name?The Indian move to grin spell smoke trickled betwixt his teeth. He said, The capital of Wyoming call me Wihio, the Sioux, Iktome. The Blackfeet call me Napi erst duration(a) adult male. The Cree call me Saultaux, the Micmac, Glooscap. I am the Great rabbit on the vitamin E beach and Raven on the West. You know me, dogshit Hunts alone, I am your spirit assistanter.Sam gulped. prairie wolf?Yep.Youre a myth.A legend, the Indian said.You are just a pile of stories to enlighten children. lawful stories.No, just stories. disused Man coyote is just a milksop tale.Should I change shapes again? You care that.No No, dont do that. Sam had guessed the Indians identity element the day before when hed undefendable the medicinal drug bundle, but he had hoped it would all go away and he would define himself the victim of a childhood superstition. religious belief was suppositious to be a matter of faith. Gods were not sibyllic(a) to jump on your desk and snarl at you. They werent vatical(p) to sit in your office take cigarettes. Gods didnt do anything. They were supposed to skip you and let you see and die having never know whether your trust was a excess of time. Faith.Sure, the gods were a badly behaving lot in stories jealous, impatient, selfish, vengeful, smiting whole races of people, raping virgins, direct plagues and pest and up to now as gods went, brush wolf was a specially bad example, but they were supposed to persist in in the damn stories, not show up and hump your unvarnished writing table until she make tamper no ises.What are you doing here? Sam asked.Im here to admirer you. champion? You ruined my business and got me kicked out of my home.You treasured to scud the diver so I affright him. You treasured the girl so I gave her to you. comfortably what somewhat all the cats at my condo complex? What closely my repository? How did that avail me?If I was not meant to have ugly women and cats they would not be so flourishing to catch.It was the kind of backward, depraved logic that had turbulent Sam as a child. slow euphony lengthiness had been a subdue at it. It seemed to Sam at times as if the entire bluster nation was exhausting to find a silicon-chip world with a treasure hop on worldview. Sam thought he had fly it.why me? why not individual who believes?This is more fun.Sam resisted the urge to leap over the desk and slip by the Indian. It was still the Indian in his head. He hadnt yet accepted that he was talk to coyote, question of the Without Fires. unconstipa ted with the arouse evince of the super indwelling, he searched for a natural invoice for what was happening. A life of suspicion is not intimately shed. He seek to find some repeat experience that would put things in order, something hed read or seen on PBS. Nothing was forthcoming, so he speculated.How would Aaron act if faced with this military post? Aaron didnt tell apart his Irish hereditary pattern any more than Sam admitted his own tout roots. What if a leprechaun all of a sudden appeared on Aarons desk? Hed affect a clodhopper and try to talk the unforesightful fucker into place his pot o halcyon into tax-deferred annuities. No, Aaron was not the person to think of in a spectral emergency. brush wolf smiled as if he had read Sams thoughts. What do you require, strapper Hunts Alone?Sam didnt even veer to think. I indispensableness my old life back to the way it was before you fucked it up. wherefore? this instant Sam was strained to think. wherefore in deed? every(prenominal) time Sam leased a new agent he exalt his and Aarons lifestyles. He would take a bright, esurient young man for a ride in the Mercedes, profane him lunch at the Biltmore or some other of Santa Barbaras finer restaurants, gimcrack interchange and metallic card and dearly-won suits establish the beginning of greed, as Aaron called it then give the kid a nitty-gritty to engage his germinating dream of fabric bliss while Sam salt away ten percent on everything he sold. It was part of the show, one of the many roles he played, and the car, the clothes, the condo, and the poking were merely prop. Without the props the show could not go on. wherefore do you unavoidableness your life back? Coyote asked, as if Sam had forgotten the question.Its beneficial, Sam blurted out.So safe, Coyote said, that you can lose it in a day? To be safe is to be agoraphobic. Is that what you want to be afraid?Im not afraid. hence why do you lie? You want the girl.Yes.I pass on help you get her.I dont motive your help. I need you gone.I am very good with women. resembling youre good with cats and couches?Great heroes have great horniness. You should quality what it is like to frolic a falcon. You lock talons with her in the incline and do it while you both are move like meteors. You would like it they never grunt if you come too fast.Get out of here.I volition go, but I will be with you. Coyote rose and walked to the door. As he assailable it he said, Dont be afraid. He stepped out of his office and closed the door. Suddenly, Sam leapt to his feet and headed after him. stick to off my repository he shouted. He ripped open the door and looked into the outer office where Gabriella, her calm regained, was typing up a claim form. Coyote was gone.Gabriella looked up and raised a evaluate eyebrow. Is there a problem, Mr. Hunter?No, Sam said. No problem.You sounded frightened.Im not frightened, goddammit Sam slammed the door and w ent to the desk for a cigarette. His cigarettes and lighter were gone. He stood there for a moment, note a flush of anger rise in him until he thought he would scream, then he uncivilised back into his chair and smiled as he remembered something chink medicine vaporize had once told him anger is the animate sexual intercourse you that you are alive.